General Information

Prolactin is synthesised in the anterior pituitary and secreted in episodes. The target organ for prolactin is the mammary gland, promoting development and differentiation. Prolactin levels are regulated by dopamine. High concentrations of prolactin have an inhibiting action on steroidogenesis of the ovaries and on hypophyseal gonadotrophin production and secretion. In pregnancy the concentration of prolactin rises under the influence of elevated oestrogen and progesterone. Post partum, the stimulating action of prolactin on the mammary gland leads to lactation. Hyperprolactinaemia (in men and women) is a major cause of fertility disorders.

Hyperprolactineamia can also be caused by some drugs, including oestrogen, tricyclic antidepressants, and drugs that block the effect of dopamine such as tranquilizers, some hypertension drugs, and some drugs that are used to treat gastro-oesophageal reflux. Additionally, stress can cause a moderate increase in prolactin levels